Gender has been an important principle of stratification throughout Japanese history[citation needed], but the cultural elaboration of gender differences has varied over time and among different social classes. In the twelfth century (Heian period), for example, women in Japan could inherit property in their own names and manage it by themselves. Later, under feudal governments (the Shogunate), the status of women declined. Peasant women continued to have de facto freedom of movement and decisionmaking power, but upper-class women's lives were subject to the patrilineal and patriarchal ideology supported by the government as part of its efforts at social control[citation needed]. With early industrialization, young women participated in factory work under exploitive and unhealthy working conditions without gaining personal autonomy[citation needed]. In the Meiji period, industrialization and urbanization lessened the authority of fathers and husbands, but at the same time the Meiji Civil Code of 1898 denied women legal rights and subjugated them to the will of household heads.[1] Peasant women were less affected by the institutionalization of this trend, but it gradually spread even to remote areas. In the 1930s and 1940s, the government encouraged the formation of women's associations, applauded high fertility, and regarded motherhood as a patriotic duty to the Japanese Empire
1. Norika Fujiwara
2. Sayuri Yoshinaga
3. Yukie Nakama
4. Koyuki
5. Hitomi Kuroki
6. Nanako Matsushima
7. Misaki Ito
8. Yuko Takeuchi
9. Kou Shibasaki
10. Meisa Kuroki
1. Norika Fujiwara
2. Sayuri Yoshinaga
3. Yukie Nakama
4. Koyuki
5. Hitomi Kuroki
6. Nanako Matsushima
7. Misaki Ito
8. Yuko Takeuchi
9. Kou Shibasaki
10. Meisa Kuroki
